Volatility high as Yanukovych heads to Moscow for more tense talks on gas
Navigate the meetingThe visit comes after the Kremlin continues to pressure Kyiv hard, demanding economic and political concessions that would reel the former Soviet republic back under Moscow's orbit of influence, in return for lower gas prices.
Yanukovych has continued to insist that he will not submit to Russia's main demands - that Ukraine join a Moscow-led customs union or merge its state gas company Naftogaz with Russian energy giant Gazprom.
But Ukrainian Prime Minister Mykola Azarov said he hoped for a breakthrough in the talks, in exchange for unspecified "concessions."
Speaking on the sidelines of the Yalta European Strategy conference on Sept. 16, a senior government official told the Kyiv Post that Yanukovych could offer Russia a one-third stake in Ukraine's gas pipelines in return for a new price of $190-$210 per 1,000 cubic meters of gas. Ukraine currently pays around $355.
The drawn-out negotiations have raised questions as to how Ukraine will secure lower gas prices without acceding to at least some of Russia's demands. Analysts said the government should also focus on how to secure long-term energy independence from Russia.
In an address to delegates in Yalta, President Yanukovych said Ukraine has "a program" to reduce gas imports by 5 billion cubic meters per year. He said Ukraine has sent a request to Russia state company Gazprom to buy 27 billion cubic meters of gas, down from this year's planned purchase of 33 billion cubic meters of gas. "We're also increasing our domestic production," Yanukovych told the conference.
However, the current contract with Russia, signed in 2009 by the then Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko, introduced a take-or-pay system, under which Ukraine has to buy set volumes of gas per year. Tymoshenko is currently on trial for signing this contract.
Russia's Gazprom said earlier this month that even if Ukraine wants to import less, it will still have to pay.
Ukraine has demanded a new contract, and the senior government official said it planned to resurrect a deal to give Russia a stake in the country's key gas pipelines in order to secure it. The three-way consortium would also include the EU, which receives around 80 percent of its Russian gas via Ukraine.
The Ukrainian official said he also hoped for a significant increase in the transit fee charged by his nation for pumping Russian gas to European markets. If no agreement can be reached, however, Ukraine has threatened to sue Russia in an international court over the contract, which it considers unfair.
Some analysts say authorities hoped the trial against Tymoshenko for allegedly exceeding her authority as prime minister in agreeing the deal, could be used as leverage to provide a stronger legal basis to fight any case against Russia.
Observers say the government needs a more effective strategy to wean itself off Russian fuel imports to avoid politically charged negotiations over price.
Ex-Energy Minister Ivan Plachkov said Ukraine needs to invest in reforming its energy sector and make it more efficient. "Because of Ukraine's largely outdated and inefficient communal systems and pipes, up to 30 percent of all such precious energy goes up in the air," he said.
Speaking at the Yalta conference, Anders Aslund, an economist at the Washington-based Peterson Institute, told the president that Ukraine has so far failed to redirect its attention to energy efficiency, which is a real issue in Ukraine. He said greater energy efficiency would cut the nation's dependence on Russian gas imports.
Andriy Klyuyev, Ukraine's first deputy prime minister, told the Kyiv Post that it's already happening. Big industry is "intensively" introducing new technologies to become more energy-efficient, he said, without elaborating.
He said, however, that the government is reviewing the structure of gas consumption by households and the public utility sector. He said that the nation's individual households use 20 billion cubic meters of gas per year, and this demand is satisfied by domestic production, which roughly equals or exceeds this figure.
Klyuyev said the government is currently inspecting public utilities companies and is discovering that many of them "don't even have gas meters." He said such companies "will only receive licenses if they install meters."
President Yanukovych said his government will continue shielding the population from further price rises until living standings are higher.
"We shall do it, but in some time," Yanukovych said.
Yanukovych has also pushed ahead in the search for other sources of gas. Earlier this month, he paid a two-day visit to Turkmenistan, which until 2006 used to deliver gas to Ukraine.
Ostchem, a chemical holding owned by Dmytro Firtash, a billionaire close to Yanukovych's inner circle and former partner of Gazprom, has been importing less expensive Central Asian gas to fuel his businesses in Ukraine this year. But that option does not exist for the rest of Ukraine.
The obstacle to restarting relations is Russia, as the only pipeline linking Turkmenistan and Ukraine travels over its territory. A planned pipeline under the Caspian Sea could offer a way round.
Ukraine also has a high hope for liquefiedgas from Azerbaijan. The country is to buy 5 billion cubic meters of gas from Azerbaijan in 2013. However, in order to receive it Ukraine has to attract some $1.5 billion investment to build a terminal for liquefied gas, which the government hopes will be constructed by 2015.
But even if Ukraine manages to diversify its fuel through such expensive investment projects, Russian is likely to continue in its efforts to preserve a strong grip over Ukraine and the broader region.
"Both Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan are projects of the future. And the reality is that these countries politically and economically depend much on Russia," said Dmytro Marunych, head of Energy Research Institute.
Kyiv Post editor Katya Gorchinskaya and staff writer Svitlana Tuchynska can be reached at [email protected] and [email protected].
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